How Does Lightning Work?

The Lightning Network enables instant Bitcoin payments by moving transactions off-chain. Here's how it works, explained simply.

Note: This page is a placeholder. Content coming soon! Want to help? Contribute on GitHub

The Problem: Bitcoin's Scalability

Bitcoin transactions are slow and expensive. Each on-chain transaction requires:

  • Waiting for block confirmations (10+ minutes)
  • Paying transaction fees that can be several dollars
  • Competing with other transactions for block space

The Solution: Payment Channels

Lightning solves this by creating payment channels between users. Think of it like opening a tab at a bar — you settle up at the end, but you can make many transactions in between.

[Diagram: Payment Channel Concept]

Key Concepts

Payment Channels

A payment channel is like a private ledger between two parties. They can send money back and forth instantly without touching the blockchain.

Multi-Hop Routing

You don't need a direct channel to everyone. Lightning can route payments through multiple channels, like connecting flights.

HTLCs (Hash Time-Locked Contracts)

These ensure payments are secure even when routed through strangers. The money only moves if the recipient can prove they received it.